The 32 Mexico states, explained [with free map!]

Here’s a travel guide to the 32 Mexico states with information on things to do, best time to visit, and more!

Hola! If you’re planning a trip to Mexico, it is easier to do it by state. Each Mexico states has its own unique and exciting travel destinations which makes all of them worth exploring!

Mexico is a country of vast and diverse landscapes, from the snow-capped peaks of the Sierra Madre Oriental to the tropical jungles of Chiapas.

From the ancient ruins of Teotihuacan to the modern metropolises of Mexico City and Guadalajra, Mexico has plenty to offer travelers. Mexico has many distinct regions with unique cultures, traditions, and customs!

States of Mexico Map

Mexico is a federal republic comprised of 32 federal entities: 31 states and one federal district, known as Mexico City, which serves as the country’s capital and seat of government.

The division of Mexico into states is similar to the way the United States is divided, with each state having a significant degree of autonomy in its internal affairs.

The states are further divided into municipalities (municipios), the smallest administrative political entity in the country, of which there are over 2,400 across Mexico.

Today, Mexico is one of the world’s most populous countries and a significant political and economic power in the Americas.

Here’s an overview about traveling the 32 Mexico states including information on things to do , cuisine, best time to visit, airports, and more!

1. Aguascalientes State

Aguascalientes (Hot Springs), one of the smallest Mexico states, is located in the northern part of the Bajío region.

Aguascalientes is known for its vibrant San Marcos National Fair, which draws visitors from across Mexico and beyond, offering a colorful blend of music, food, and cultural exhibitions.

The state also boasts a rich history in textiles and railroads, with numerous museums and historical sites that explore its industrial and cultural heritage.

The cuisine of Aguascalientes is a delightful mix of traditional Mexican flavors, known for dishes like birria (a spicy meat stew), enchiladas queretanas, and the sweet, guava-filled pastries known as dulce de guayaba.

The best time to visit Aguascalientes is during the San Marcos National Fair, which typically takes place from mid-April to the first week of May. This period offers the most vibrant cultural experiences and pleasant weather.

The months of October and November are also good, with cooler temperatures and fewer crowds.

Top 3 things to do in Aguas Calientes:

1. Visit the San Marcos National Fair, where you can experience one of Mexico’s largest and most traditional fairs, featuring concerts, rodeos, and a variety of culinary delights.
2. Explore the historic center of Aguascalientes, with its beautiful plazas, colonial architecture, and the majestic Government Palace.
3. Lastly, the Aguascalientes Museum offers insights into the state’s history and culture, showcasing art and artifacts that span from pre-Hispanic times to the present.

2. Baja California State

Baja California is one of the best Mexico states known for its dramatic landscapes, ranging from the rugged Pacific coastline to the stark beauty of the desert.

It’s a haven for outdoor enthusiasts, offering world-class surfing, wine tasting in the Valle de Guadalupe, and the unique cultural blend of border towns like Tijuana.

Baja California’s cuisine is a testament to its coastal location, with seafood taking center stage. The state is the birthplace of the famed Baja fish taco, featuring freshly caught fish in a light batter, served in a corn tortilla with crisp cabbage and creamy sauce.

The Mediterranean climate of the Valle de Guadalupe also influences the local cuisine, incorporating fresh, locally-sourced ingredients into its dishes.

The ideal time to visit Baja California is from May to October when the weather is warm and dry, making it perfect for exploring the beaches and outdoor activities.

The grape harvest season in August and September is especially appealing for wine enthusiasts looking to experience the Valle de Guadalupe at its liveliest.

Top 3 things to do in Baja California:

• Explore the Valle de Guadalupe, Mexico’s premier wine region, where you can tour vineyards and taste exquisite wines.
• Visit the Tijuana Cultural Center (CECUT) to immerse yourself in the vibrant arts scene of the region.
• Adventure seekers should not miss the opportunity to surf the waves at Rosarito or Ensenada, where the Pacific Ocean offers some of the best surf spots in Mexico.

3. Baja California Sur State: one of the most-visited Mexico states

Baja California Sur is known for its stunning natural landscapes, encompassing pristine beaches, crystal-clear waters, and the dramatic desert backdrop of the Sierra de la Laguna mountains.

Of all the Mexico states, it is a premier destination for luxury travel, eco-tourism, and marine activities, particularly in Los Cabos and La Paz, where visitors can enjoy world-class fishing, snorkeling, and whale watching.

The cuisine of Baja California Sur is heavily influenced by its access to some of the freshest seafood in Mexico. Dishes like ceviche, made with locally caught fish and seafood, and the chocolate clams, a regional delicacy, are must-tries.

The state’s coastal and desert climates also contribute to a unique agricultural bounty, featured prominently in local dishes.

The best time to visit Baja California Sur is from November to May, when the weather is pleasantly warm, and the risk of rain is minimal. This period also coincides with the whale watching season, offering visitors a chance to see these magnificent creatures in their natural habitat.

Top 3 things to do in Baja Sur:

• Visit Cabo San Lucas and San José del Cabo, collectively known as Los Cabos, where luxury resorts, vibrant nightlife, and stunning beaches await.
• Explore the marine wonders of the Sea of Cortez in La Paz, often referred to as “The Aquarium of the World,” by snorkeling or diving with sea lions and whale sharks.
• Take a trip to the artist’s oasis of Todos Santos, a Pueblo Mágico, known for its bohemian vibe, art galleries, and the famous Hotel California.

4. Campeche State

Campeche is celebrated for its well-preserved colonial heritage, encapsulated within the UNESCO World Heritage-listed fortified city of Campeche, replete with colorful buildings, cobblestone streets, and historic walls.

Additionally, is is one of the Mexico states that offer access to significant Mayan archaeological sites like Calakmul, nestled in the heart of a vast tropical forest, providing a unique glimpse into the ancient Maya civilization.

Campeche’s cuisine reflects its coastal location, with seafood dishes such as pan de cazon, a traditional shark meat pie layered with tortillas, beans, and tomato sauce, standing out.

The use of local herbs and spices, along with achiote and habanero peppers, adds distinctive flavors to the region’s dishes. Camaroncillos al mojo de ajo (baby shrimp in garlic sauce) is another local favorite, showcasing the fresh catch from the Gulf of Mexico.

The optimal time to visit Campeche is between December and April, when the weather is dry and cooler, making it ideal for exploring the outdoor historical sites and enjoying the beaches. This period avoids the heavy rains and high humidity of the summer months.

Top 3 things to do in Campeche state:

1. Explore the historic fortified city of Campeche, walking along its ancient walls and discovering its bastions, museums, and colonial architecture.
2. Venture into the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, one of Mexico’s largest protected areas, to visit the majestic Mayan ruins of Calakmul, surrounded by a rich biodiversity.
3. Enjoy the tranquil beaches and natural reserves along the Campeche coast, offering serene spots for relaxation and wildlife observation.

5. Chiapas State

Chiapas is one of the Mexico states with immense natural beauty and cultural richness, home to the stunning Sumidero Canyon, the lush Lacandon Jungle, and the ancient Mayan ruins of Palenque, Bonampak, and Yaxchilán.

Its diverse landscapes and indigenous cultures make it a fascinating destination for those interested in history, nature, and traditional ways of life.

Chiapas’ cuisine is a blend of indigenous and Spanish influences, with dishes often featuring corn, beans, and locally grown coffee. Tamales chiapanecos, steamed corn dough filled with a savory or sweet mixture, wrapped in banana leaves, are a traditional staple.

The state is also known for its unique Chiapas cheese, a fresh cheese that’s often used in local recipes.

The best time to visit Chiapas is during the dry season from November to April, when the weather is more favorable for outdoor activities and exploration. This period also coincides with several cultural festivals, offering a deeper insight into the state’s rich traditions and customs.

Top 3 things to do in Chiapas:

• Explore the ancient Mayan city of Palenque, one of Mexico’s most significant archaeological sites, set against a backdrop of jungle-clad mountains.
• Take a boat tour through the Sumidero Canyon, marveling at its towering cliffs and abundant wildlife.
• Visit San Cristóbal de las Casas, a charming colonial town with cobblestone streets, colorful markets, and a vibrant indigenous culture, serving as a gateway to the surrounding indigenous communities.

6. Chihuahua State

Chihuahua, one of the largest Mexico states, is known for its diverse landscapes that include vast deserts, rugged mountains, and deep canyons, such as the spectacular Copper Canyon, larger and deeper than the Grand Canyon.

It’s also rich in history and culture, with a legacy of the Mexican Revolution and ancient indigenous communities like the Rarámuri, still preserving their traditional way of life.

Chihuahua’s cuisine is characterized by its hearty dishes, with beef and dairy products playing a significant role. The state is famous for its quality cheeses, especially the queso menonita.

Another local favorite is “burritos,” originally from Chihuahua, typically filled with savory meat and beans, and “caldo de oso,” a unique stew made from bear meat, though now more commonly prepared with beef.

The ideal time to visit Chihuahua is from October to March, when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for exploring the outdoors. This period is also optimal for visiting the Copper Canyon, as the views are clearer and the risk of rain is lower.

Top 3 things to do in Chihuahua:

• Embark on a journey on the Chihuahua al Pacifico Railway (El Chepe), which winds through the majestic Copper Canyon, offering breathtaking views and unique cultural experiences.
• Visit the historic city of Chihuahua, where you can explore the Museum of the Mexican Revolution and the beautiful colonial architecture.
• Adventure enthusiasts can hike or run in the Sierra Tarahumara, experiencing the natural beauty of the canyons and the culture of the Rarámuri people.

7. Coahuila State

Coahuila is one of the not-so-popular Mexico states, known for its diverse landscapes, from the arid deserts in the north to the lush forests in the south, and for being a significant part of Mexico’s wine country, particularly in the Parras de la Fuente region.

It also has a rich history, with numerous paleontological sites and colonial towns, reflecting a blend of cultures and epochs.

Coahuila’s cuisine is known for its beef dishes, reflecting its ranching culture, with cabrito (roast goat) and carne asada being local favorites. The state’s vineyards also contribute to a growing gourmet scene, pairing local wines with innovative dishes.

Traditional northern Mexican sweets, such as cajeta (caramelized goat’s milk) and leche quemada (burnt milk candy), are also popular.

The best time to visit Coahuila is during the spring (March to May) and fall (September to November) months, when the weather is more temperate and pleasant for outdoor activities and exploring the wine country.

Top 3 things to do in Coahuila:

1. Explore the Museo del Desierto in Saltillo to learn about the region’s paleontological history, including dinosaur fossils found in Coahuila.
2. Visit Parras de la Fuente, a picturesque town famed for its vineyards and wineries, offering tours and tastings.
3. The Cuatro Ciénegas Biosphere Reserve is a must-see, with its unique gypsum dunes and crystal-clear pools, showcasing extraordinary biodiversity.

8. Colima State

Colima is one of the smallest Mexico states, celebrated for its small but vibrant cultural scene, active volcanoes like the Volcán de Colima, and beautiful Pacific coast beaches.

The state offers a mix of natural beauty, from mountainous landscapes to tropical beaches, along with a rich archaeological history and laid-back coastal towns.

Colima’s cuisine features a variety of seafood dishes, including “sopa de mariscos” (seafood soup) and “pescado a la talla” (grilled fish), reflecting its coastal location. The state is also known for its unique tamales filled with sweet or savory ingredients, wrapped in banana leaves.

The ideal time to visit Colima is from November to April, when the weather is dry and cooler, making it perfect for beach activities and exploring the natural and urban landscapes.

Top 3 things to do in Colima:

1. Climb or visit the Volcán de Colima, one of Mexico’s most active volcanoes, for hiking and stunning views.
2. Enjoy the serene beaches of Manzanillo, a popular destination for snorkeling, diving, and fishing.
3. Explore the capital, Colima City, to discover its colonial architecture, museums, and local markets featuring traditional crafts and foods.

9. Durango State

Durango is famous for its rugged terrain, including the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range, and its rich history in the mining industry.

This is one of the Mexico states that has a vibrant cultural heritage, with well-preserved colonial architecture in its capital, and it has served as the backdrop for numerous Hollywood films, earning it the nickname “Land of Cinema.”

Durango’s cuisine is known for its hearty dishes, such as “caldo de oso” (a stew made with a variety of meats and chiles) and “venado al estilo Durango” (venison Durango style). The state is also famous for its traditional candies and sweets made from quince, milk, and nuts.

The best months to visit Durango are from June to September, when the weather is warmer, and the landscape is lush and green, perfect for outdoor activities. This season also coincides with the Durango National Fair, a major cultural event featuring music, dance, and traditional foods.

Top 3 things to do in Durango:

1. Explore the historic center of Durango City, with its colonial buildings, museums, and the impressive Cathedral Basilica.
2. Adventure seekers can explore the Mexican “Old West” at Villas del Oeste, a theme park that recreates the ambiance of Western movies.
3. For nature enthusiasts, the Ecological Park of Durango offers hiking, zip-lining, and the opportunity to explore the region’s diverse flora and fauna.

10. Guanajuato State

Guanajuato is a cultural and historical gem, known for its stunning colonial architecture, vibrant arts scene, and the annual Cervantino Festival, one of Latin America’s largest and most prestigious cultural events.

The state’s rich mining history is also evident in its picturesque towns and cities, with colorful buildings and narrow, winding streets that tell stories of the past. It is one of the Mexico states that has beautiful colonial architecture.

Guanajuato’s cuisine reflects its agricultural richness, with dishes like “enchiladas mineras” (miner’s enchiladas) and “guacamayas,” a local street food consisting of a crispy pork sandwich.

The best time to visit Guanajuato is from October to May, when the weather is pleasant, and the risk of rain is low. This period includes the International Cervantino Festival in October, a highlight for arts and culture enthusiasts.

Top 3 things to do in Guanajuato state:

• Wander through the historic alleys and underground tunnels of Guanajuato City, a UNESCO World Heritage site, marveling at its colorful buildings and lively plazas.
• Visit the ancient city of San Miguel de Allende, renowned for its beautiful colonial architecture, thriving arts scene, and cultural festivals.
• Explore the ruins of the La Valenciana Mine, which once produced immense wealth and contributed to the city’s prosperity during the colonial era.

11. Guerrero

Guerrero is renowned for its stunning Pacific coast, including the famous resort city of Acapulco, which has long been a favorite destination for both Mexican and international tourists seeking sun, sand, and sea.

Is it also one of the Mexico states that boast a rich cultural heritage, with vibrant traditions, music, and dance, particularly the famous “Tianguis de Plata” (Silver Market) in Taxco, a town known for its silver craftsmanship.

Guerrero’s cuisine is a flavorful mix of indigenous and Spanish influences, featuring fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and traditional dishes like “pozole verde” (a hearty soup made with hominy, chicken, and green salsa) and “tamales de iguana.”

The ideal time to visit the states of Guerrero is from November to April, during the dry season, when the weather is perfect for beach activities and exploring the state’s cultural attractions. This period also avoids the heavy rains of the summer months.

Top 3 things to do in Guerrero state:

• Relax on the beautiful beaches of Acapulco, Zihuatanejo, and Ixtapa, enjoying water sports, luxury resorts, and the famous cliff divers of La Quebrada.
• Explore the colonial town of Taxco, wandering its cobblestone streets, visiting the Santa Prisca Church, and shopping for handmade silver jewelry.
• Visit the archaeological site of Xochicalco, a pre-Columbian fortified city that offers insight into the region’s ancient civilizations.

12. Hidalgo State

Hidalgo is one of the Mexico states known for its rich mining history, stunning natural landscapes, including the Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla, and the beautiful architecture of its towns and villages.

The state has a strong cultural identity, with a variety of traditions, festivals, and thermal springs that have been used since the pre-Hispanic times.

Hidalgo’s cuisine is characterized by dishes such as “paste” (Cornish pasties), introduced by British miners, and “barbacoa,” a traditional method of cooking meat (usually lamb) in a pit covered with maguey leaves.

The state is also known for its “pulque,” a fermented beverage made from the sap of the maguey plant.

The best time to visit Hidalgo is from March to May and from September to November, when the weather is mild and pleasant, ideal for exploring the natural and historical sites.

Top 3 things to do in Hidalgo State:

• Visit the Basaltic Prisms of Santa María Regla, a natural geological formation that is one of Mexico’s most unique landscapes.
• Soak in the thermal springs found in various parts of the state, such as the Grutas de Tolantongo, a set of hot springs, caves, and a tunnel located in a breathtaking canyon.
• Explore the town of Real del Monte, a charming mining town with a strong Cornish influence, known for its pasties and silver mines.

13. Jalisco State

Jalisco is the birthplace of many iconic Mexican symbols, including mariachi music, tequila, and the sombrero.

It is one of the many Mexico states that boast a diverse landscape, from the beautiful beaches of Puerto Vallarta to the agave fields of Tequila and the bustling metropolis of Guadalajara.

Jalisco’s cuisine is known for dishes such as “birria” (a spicy stew made with goat or beef), “torta ahogada” (a “drowned” sandwich in spicy sauce), and “pozole” (a hominy soup with pork or chicken), reflecting the state’s agricultural diversity.

The region is also famous for its sweets, including “jericalla” (a type of flan) and tequila-infused desserts.

The best time to visit Jalisco is from November to April, when the weather is dry and mild, ideal for exploring cities, beaches, and tequila distilleries.

Top 3 things to do in Jalisco state:

• Tour the town of Tequila to learn about the production of Mexico’s most famous spirit, including visits to distilleries and agave fields.
• Experience the vibrant culture of Guadalajara, Jalisco’s capital, with its historic architecture, museums, and lively mariachi performances.
• Relax on the stunning beaches of Puerto Vallarta, enjoying water sports, gourmet dining, and sunset cruises along the Bay of Banderas.

14. Mexico State (Estado de México)

Mexico State surrounds Mexico City on three sides and is a region of contrasts, with bustling urban centers, ancient archaeological sites, and beautiful natural reserves like Nevado de Toluca.

It plays a crucial role in the country’s history and economy, housing numerous cultural landmarks, colonial towns, and expansive industrial areas.

The cuisine of Mexico State includes dishes such as “barbacoa” (slow-cooked meat, usually lamb), “truchas” (trout, often served in Valle de Bravo), and “quesadillas” filled with a variety of ingredients, including huitlacoche and squash blossoms, showcasing the state’s agricultural products.

The best time to visit Mexico State is during the dry season from November to April, when the weather is cooler and more conducive to outdoor activities, including hiking in Nevado de Toluca and visiting the monarch butterfly sanctuaries.

Top 3 things to do in the state of Mexico:

1. Explore the majestic Nevado de Toluca, a large stratovolcano that offers hiking trails to its crater lakes. Visit the colonial town of Valle de Bravo, known for its charming streets, beautiful lake, and as a monarch butterfly sanctuary.
2. Discover the ancient ruins of Teotihuacan (though often associated with Mexico City, it’s actually located in Mexico State), where you can climb the Pyramid of the Sun and the Pyramid of the Moon.

15. Mexico City State (CDMX): one of the most visited Mexico states

Mexico City, the nation’s capital, is one of the largest and most vibrant cities in the world, rich in history, culture, and art.

It is renowned for its historic center, the Zócalo, the ancient Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, and modern attractions. The city is a melting pot of cultures, offering world-class museums, gastronomy, and parks.

Mexico City’s cuisine is a reflection of its diverse population, featuring dishes from all over the country, including “tacos al pastor” (shepherd-style tacos), “chiles en nogada,” and a vast array of international cuisine.

Street food is an integral part of the city’s food culture, offering delicious and affordable options like “tlayudas” and “tlacoyos.”

The best time to visit Mexico City is between March and May, when the weather is pleasant, and the city is less crowded. This period offers the opportunity to explore outdoor attractions comfortably and participate in cultural events.

Top 3 things to do in Mexico City

1. Visit the historic center of Mexico City to see the Metropolitan Cathedral and the National Palace, and explore the ruins of Templo Mayor.
2. Experience the vast collection of pre-Hispanic art at the National Museum of Anthropology.
3. Take a boat ride through the canals of Xochimilco, enjoying the mariachi bands and the colorful atmosphere.

16. Michoacan State

Michoacán is one of the Mexico states famous for its rich indigenous heritage, particularly of the Purépecha culture, stunning natural landscapes like the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, and the beautiful colonial architecture of Morelia.

The state’s diverse geography includes mountains, lakes, and a coastline along the Pacific Ocean, offering a wide range of activities and experiences.

Michoacán’s cuisine is known for its rich flavors and traditional dishes, such as “carnitas” (slow-cooked pork), “enchiladas placeras” (plaza-style enchiladas), and “corundas” (triangle-shaped tamales).

The state is also famous for its avocados, being one of the world’s largest producers.

The ideal time to visit Michoacán is from November to March, during the monarch butterfly migration and when the weather is pleasant for exploring the state’s natural and cultural attractions.

Top 3 things to do in Michoacan state:

1. Visit the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve between November and March to witness millions of monarch butterflies that migrate here from North America.
2. Explore the UNESCO World Heritage-listed city of Morelia, known for its well-preserved colonial buildings and vibrant cultural scene.
3. Relax on the beaches of the Costa Michoacana, enjoying fresh seafood, surf, and natural beauty.

17. Morelos State

Morelos is one of the Mexico states celebrated for its eternal spring-like climate, abundant water sources, and lush gardens, making it a popular retreat for those seeking relaxation and natural beauty.

The state has a rich history, evident in the legacy of Emiliano Zapata, and is dotted with Haciendas and archaeological sites like Xochicalco.

Morelos’ cuisine features dishes such as “cecina” (salted and dried meat, usually beef or pork), “tamales morelenses” (tamales filled with various ingredients and wrapped in banana leaves), and “pozole” (a traditional soup made with hominy and meat), showcasing the state’s agricultural produce.

The best time to visit Morelos is from October to May, when the weather is warm and dry, ideal for enjoying the state’s outdoor attractions, including its gardens, water parks, and archaeological sites.

Top 3 things to do in Morelos state:

1. Explore the archaeological site of Xochicalco, a pre-Columbian fortified town that played a significant role in Mesoamerica.
2. Visit the Robert Brady Museum in Cuernavaca to view an eclectic collection of art from around the world, housed in a 16th-century hacienda.
3. Relax in one of the many spas or thermal water parks in the state, taking advantage of Morelos’ natural springs.

18. Nayarit State

Nayarit is known for its beautiful Pacific coast, including the popular beach destination of Sayulita, and the Riviera Nayarit.

It is one of the Mexico states that offer a mix of beach resorts, surf spots, and traditional Mexican villages, along with rich biodiversity in areas like the Marietas Islands and the Sierra de San Juan mountain range.

Nayarit’s cuisine is rich in seafood, with dishes like “pescado zarandeado” (grilled fish with spices), “aguachile” (shrimp in a spicy lime sauce), and “tamales nayaritas” (tamales filled with shrimp or fish).

The best time to visit Nayarit is from November to April, when the weather is dry and sunny, perfect for beach activities and exploring the state’s natural attractions. This period also avoids the rainy season, ensuring better conditions for travel and outdoor adventures.

Top 3 things to do in Nayarit state:

• Enjoy the beaches and vibrant surf culture of Sayulita, a small town known for its relaxed atmosphere and colorful streets.
• Explore the Islas Marietas National Park, where you can snorkel in clear waters and visit the hidden beach (Playa del Amor).
• Discover the historic town of Tepic, Nayarit’s capital, with its museums, markets, and colonial architecture.

19. Nuevo Leon State

Nuevo León is a state of contrasts, blending industrial might with natural wonders. It’s home to Monterrey, a dynamic city known for its modern architecture, vibrant business scene, and cultural institutions.

The surrounding landscapes, including the dramatic peaks of the Sierra Madre Oriental and the serene beauty of Chipinque Park, offer outdoor adventures from hiking to rock climbing.

Nuevo León’s cuisine is one of the most unique in all the Mexico states. Its food is characterized by its emphasis on beef, with dishes like “cabrito” (roasted kid goat) and “carne asada” (grilled beef) being local specialties.

The state also prides itself on its flour tortillas, considered some of the best in Mexico, often accompanying meals.

The best time to visit Nuevo León is from October to April, when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for outdoor activities and exploring Monterrey’s urban attractions. This period also avoids the extreme heat of the summer months.

Top 3 things to do in Nuevo Leon state:

1. Explore the Fundidora Park in Monterrey, a former steel mill turned into a sprawling urban park, featuring museums, concert venues, and walking trails.
2. Take a hike or go rock climbing in the Huasteca Canyon, known for its stunning rock formations and natural beauty.
3. Visit the Garcia Caves, a series of impressive caverns showcasing ancient rock formations, accessible through guided tours.

20. Oaxaca State

The state of Oaxaca is celebrated for its rich indigenous cultures, vibrant arts scene, and culinary diversity. The state’s landscape is a tapestry of mountains, valleys, and a pristine coastline, offering a backdrop to its archaeological sites like Monte Albán and Mitla.

Oaxaca City, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a cultural hub with bustling markets, colonial architecture, and an array of festivals celebrating traditional Oaxacan life.

Oaxaca’s cuisine is renowned for its complexity and depth of flavor, with staples like “mole” (a rich, complex sauce), “tlayudas” (large, crispy tortillas with assorted toppings), and “mezcal” (a smoky agave spirit).

The ideal time to visit Oaxaca is during the dry season from October to May, when the weather is pleasant for exploring both the cultural sites and the beaches. The Guelaguetza festival in July is a highlight, showcasing Oaxacan dance, music, and traditions.

Top 3 things to do in Oaxaca state:

1. Visit the ancient ruins of Monte Albán, one of Mexico’s most important archaeological sites, offering insights into the Zapotec civilization.
2. Explore the colorful streets of Oaxaca City, tasting local specialties at the Mercado 20 de Noviembre.
3. Relax on the beaches of Puerto Escondido or Mazunte, enjoying the laid-back atmosphere and excellent surf conditions.

21. Puebla State

Puebla is known for its stunning colonial architecture, rich culinary traditions, and the iconic Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl volcanoes. The city of Puebla, a UNESCO World Heritage site, dazzles with its historic center, ornate churches, and streets lined with colorful tiles.

The state is also celebrated for its “Talavera” pottery, a fine, hand-painted ceramic that is a symbol of Mexican craftsmanship. Currently, Puebla is among the most industrialized Mexico states.

Puebla’s cuisine is a cornerstone of Mexican culinary heritage, with “mole poblano” (a complex, rich sauce over chicken) being its most famous dish. Other specialties include “chiles en nogada” (poblano chiles stuffed with picadillo and covered in a walnut-based sauce), and “camotes” (sweet potato candies).

The best time to visit Puebla is from November to April, when the weather is dry and mild, ideal for exploring the city and surrounding natural attractions. The Cinco de Mayo celebrations in Puebla offer a unique cultural experience with parades, reenactments, and festivities.

Top 3 things to do in Puebla state:

1. Explore the historic center of Puebla City, visiting the Puebla Cathedral and the Biblioteca Palafoxiana, one of the oldest libraries in the Americas.
2. Experience the Great Pyramid of Cholula, the world’s largest pyramid by volume, offering panoramic views and a glimpse into pre-Columbian history.
3. Sample Puebla’s famous cuisine, including “mole poblano” and “chiles en nogada,” at local markets and restaurants.

22. Queretaro State

One of the smallest Mexico states, Querétaro is a vibrant state known for its historic center, a UNESCO World Heritage site, with well-preserved colonial architecture, quaint plazas, and cobblestone streets.

The state blends history with modernity, boasting a dynamic economy and thriving wine and cheese routes. Querétaro is also rich in natural beauty, featuring the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, known for its diverse ecosystems and outdoor activities.

Querétaro’s cuisine reflects its agricultural bounty, with dishes like “enchiladas queretanas” (enchiladas filled with cheese or meat and topped with a spicy sauce) and “gorditas de migajas” (corn cakes filled with breadcrumbs and salsa).

The state’s vineyards and cheese farms also contribute to its gourmet offerings.

The best time to visit Querétaro is from March to May and from September to November, when the weather is pleasant, and the landscape is especially beautiful, perfect for exploring the historic sites and natural reserves.

Top 3 things to do in Queretaro state:

1. Wander through the historic center of Querétaro City, visiting landmarks such as the Aqueduct, the Plaza de Armas, and the Church of Santa Clara.
2. Explore the Sierra Gorda, engaging in hiking, bird watching, or visiting the Franciscan Missions.
3. Discover the wine and cheese routes, sampling local products at vineyards and artisanal cheese farms throughout the state.

24. Quintana Roo State: one of the most popular Mexico states

Quintana Roo is famed for its Caribbean coastline, offering some of Mexico’s most stunning beaches, world-class resorts, and the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, the second-largest coral reef system in the world.

Destinations like Cancun, Playa del Carmen, and Tulum are renowned for their vibrant nightlife, archaeological sites, and crystal-clear waters. The state is also home to the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Quintana Roo’s cuisine is a delicious blend of Mayan, Mexican, and Caribbean influences, featuring fresh seafood, tropical fruits, and traditional dishes like “cochinita pibil” (slow-roasted pork) and “ceviche.”

The ideal time to visit Quintana Roo is from November to March, when the weather is dry and temperate, perfect for beach activities and exploring the Mayan ruins. This period avoids the rainy season and the highest temperatures of the summer months.

Top 3 things to do in Quintana Roo state:

1. Explore the ancient Mayan ruins of Tulum, perched atop cliffs overlooking the Caribbean Sea.
2. Dive or snorkel in the Great Maya Reef to discover a mesmerizing underwater world of coral formations and marine life.
3. Relax on the white sandy beaches of Cancun or the Riviera Maya, enjoying the sun, sea, and array of water sports available.

25. San Luis Potosi State

San Luis Potosí is a state with a rich historical and cultural heritage, featuring stunning colonial architecture, vibrant indigenous communities, and diverse landscapes, from the arid desert of the Altiplano to the lush Huasteca Potosina region.

It is one of the Mexico states that played a significant role in history, particularly during the Mexican Revolution, and its capital of the same name is a testament to its storied past.

San Luis Potosí’s cuisine reflects its geographic and cultural diversity, with dishes such as “enchiladas potosinas” (spicy cheese-stuffed tortillas), “cecina” (dried and salted meat), and “fiambre potosino” (a cold meat and vegetable dish).

The best time to visit San Luis Potosí is from November to April, when the weather is drier and cooler, making it more comfortable to explore the city’s attractions and the natural beauty of the Huasteca Potosina.

Top 3 things to do in San Luis Potosi state:

1. Discover the Surrealist Garden of Edward James in Xilitla, a unique artistic creation set amidst the tropical rainforest of the Huasteca Potosina.
2. Explore the historic center of San Luis Potosí city, admiring its beautiful colonial buildings and plazas.
3. Venture into the Huasteca Potosina to experience its breathtaking waterfalls, rivers, and caves, ideal for adventure sports like kayaking, rappelling, and swimming.

25. Sinaloa State

Sinaloa is celebrated for its vibrant musical heritage, particularly as the birthplace of banda music, and its extensive coastline along the Pacific Ocean, offering some of Mexico’s best seafood.

The state’s agriculture is also noteworthy, often called the “breadbasket” of Mexico, producing a vast array of fruits and vegetables.

Sinaloa’s cuisine is famous for its seafood, with dishes like “aguachile” (shrimp marinated in lime juice and chilies) and “ceviche.” The state is also known for its “chilorio” (spicy pork) and “machaca” (dried meat), showcasing the diversity of its culinary traditions.

The ideal time to visit Sinaloa is from November to April, when the weather is cooler and drier, making it pleasant to enjoy the beaches and outdoor activities without the intense heat and humidity of the summer months.

Top 3 things to do in Sinaloa state:

• Enjoy the beaches and aquatic activities in Mazatlán, a resort town known for its historic center and vibrant nightlife.
• Attend a live banda music performance in Culiacán or Mazatlán, experiencing the rich musical culture of the region.
• Explore the town of El Fuerte, a gateway to the Copper Canyon and a historic center of indigenous and colonial history.

26. Sonora State

Sonora is known for its vast deserts, including the Sonoran Desert, which is one of the most biodiverse deserts in the world, and its beautiful beaches along the Sea of Cortez.

The state has a rich history of indigenous cultures, such as the Yaqui and Seri, and a strong ranching and cowboy culture.

Sonora’s cuisine is renowned for its beef, particularly its high-quality carne asada, which is a staple of the local diet. The state is also famous for its flour tortillas, larger and thinner than those found in other parts of Mexico, and “coyotas,” a traditional sweet pastry filled with brown sugar.

The best time to visit Sonora is from November to April, when the weather is cooler, making it more comfortable to explore the desert landscapes and enjoy the coastal areas without the extreme heat of the summer months.

Top 3 things to do in Sonora:

1. Explore the natural beauty of the Pinacate Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its volcanic craters and unique desert landscapes.
2. Enjoy the tranquil beaches and rich marine life of San Carlos, with opportunities for diving, fishing, and kayaking.
3. Experience the traditions and crafts of the indigenous Seri community, particularly their intricate basket weaving and ironwood carvings.

27. Tabasco State

Tabasco is one of the Mexico states distinguished by its lush tropical landscapes, extensive rivers, and rich Olmec heritage, considered one of the earliest civilizations in Mesoamerica.

The state is a major producer of cacao, which is deeply ingrained in its culture, and its capital, Villahermosa, houses the Parque-Museo La Venta, showcasing Olmec artifacts.

Tabasco’s cuisine features a variety of seafood and tropical fruits, with dishes like “pejelagarto” (a local fish) prepared in various ways, “tamal de chipilín” (tamales wrapped in chipilín leaves), and chocolate made from locally grown cacao.

The best time to visit Tabasco is during the dry season from December to April, when the weather is more manageable for exploring the state’s archaeological sites and natural attractions without the heavy rainfall common in other months.

Top 3 things to do in Tabasco:

1. Visit the Parque-Museo La Venta in Villahermosa to see Olmec colossal heads and other archaeological artifacts in an outdoor museum setting.
2. Explore the Pantanos de Centla, a biosphere reserve that is one of the most important wetlands in North America, offering bird watching and boat tours.
3. Experience the cacao route, learning about the cultivation and production of chocolate from bean to bar at local haciendas.

28. Tamaulipas State

Tamaulipas is known for its diverse ecosystems, ranging from the Gulf of Mexico’s beaches to the rugged Sierra Madre Oriental mountains.

The state has a rich history of border culture, blending Mexican and Texan influences, and is an important area for bird watching, especially in the biosphere reserve of El Cielo.

Tamaulipas’ cuisine reflects its coastal and ranching cultures, with seafood dishes like “jaiba” (crab) and “ceviche” being popular, as well as northern-style “carne asada” and “cabrito” (roasted goat).

The state is also known for its fresh cheeses and “chorreadas” (corn dough pancakes).

The best time to visit Tamaulipas is from October to April, when the weather is cooler and more pleasant for outdoor activities, including exploring natural reserves and enjoying the coastal areas.

Top 3 things to do in Tamaulipas:

1. Explore the El Cielo Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO site that offers a diverse range of flora and fauna, ideal for hiking and bird watching.
2. Visit the colonial town of Tula, known for its traditional architecture and historical sites.
3. Enjoy the coastal beauty of Tampico, where you can relax on the beaches or explore the historic center and the unique architecture of the Paseo de la Cortadura.

29. Tlaxcala State

Tlaxcala, the smallest of all Mexico states, boasts a rich history dating back to its status as a pre-Hispanic city-state that maintained its independence from the Aztec Empire.

The state is known for its well-preserved colonial architecture, vibrant festivals, and significant archaeological sites, such as Cacaxtla and Xochitécatl, which showcase its complex cultural heritage.

Tlaxcala’s cuisine is known for its traditional dishes, such as “barbacoa de pollo” (chicken barbacoa), “tlacoyos” (stuffed corn dough patties), and “mole de guajolote” (turkey mole), which reflect the state’s agricultural traditions and culinary heritage.

The best time to visit Tlaxcala is from March to May, when the weather is pleasant, and the landscapes are lush, making it ideal for exploring the state’s archaeological sites and enjoying its natural beauty.

Top 3 things to do in Tlaxcala:

1. Visit the Cacaxtla-Xochitécatl archaeological sites to explore ancient ruins featuring well-preserved murals and structures that provide insight into pre-Columbian life.
2. Wander through the streets of Tlaxcala’s capital, admiring its colonial buildings, colorful facades, and the Tlaxcala Cathedral.
3. Participate in the vibrant Carnival of Tlaxcala, one of the state’s most important cultural celebrations, featuring traditional dances, costumes, and parades.

30. Veracruz State

Veracruz is known for its rich cultural heritage, including its music and dance, particularly the son jarocho, and its significant historical importance as a port city.

The state features diverse landscapes, from the white sandy beaches along the Gulf of Mexico to the lush mountains and jungles of the interior. Veracruz is also home to El Tajín, a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most important pre-Columbian archaeological sites in Mexico.

Veracruz’s cuisine is renowned for its seafood, with dishes like “huachinango a la veracruzana” (red snapper in a tomato-based sauce) and “arroz a la tumbada” (a seafood and rice dish).

This is one of the Mexico states that has great coffee, particularly from the Coatepec region, which is also highly regarded.

The best time to visit Veracruz is from November to April, when the weather is drier and cooler, ideal for exploring the archaeological sites and enjoying the outdoor cafes and beaches without the intense heat and humidity.

Top 3 things to do in Veracruz state:

• Explore the archaeological site of El Tajín, marveling at its unique pyramid structures and rich history.
• Enjoy the vibrant atmosphere of the port city of Veracruz, where you can experience the lively music scene, sample the local cuisine, and walk along the Malecón.
• Visit the coffee plantations in the region of Coatepec, offering tours to learn about the coffee-making process and taste some of the best coffee in Mexico.

31. Yucatan State

One of the most famous Mexico states, Yucatán is renowned for its Mayan heritage, evident in the world-famous archaeological site of Chichén Itzá, one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

The state offers a unique blend of colonial history, natural beauty, including cenotes and beaches, and vibrant cultural traditions, particularly in the capital city of Mérida.

Yucatán’s cuisine is distinct, with dishes such as “cochinita pibil” (slow-roasted pork), “sopa de lima” (lime soup with turkey), and “papadzules” (egg-filled tortillas in pumpkin seed sauce), reflecting the state’s Mayan heritage and local ingredients.

The best time to visit Yucatán is from November to February, when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for exploring archaeological sites and enjoying outdoor activities. This period also coincides with several cultural festivals in Mérida.

Top 3 things to do in Yucatan:

1. Visit Chichén Itzá to explore the majestic Kukulkan Pyramid and learn about the Mayan civilization.
2. Swim in the cenotes, natural sinkholes with clear, cool water, which are scattered throughout the state.
3. Experience the cultural and historical richness of Mérida, known as the “White City,” with its colonial architecture, lively markets, and museums.

32. Zacatecas State

Zacatecas is known for its rich mining history, stunning colonial architecture, and cultural festivals.

The state capital, also named Zacatecas, is a UNESCO World Heritage site, celebrated for its beautifully preserved Baroque buildings and the El Edén mine, which offers a unique underground tour.

The state’s rugged terrain also offers opportunities for outdoor adventures, including hiking and zip-lining.

Zacatecas’ cuisine includes dishes such as “asado de boda” (wedding stew), “birria” (spicy stew), and “enchiladas zacatecanas” (enchiladas with a red chili sauce), reflecting the state’s agricultural and ranching traditions.

It is also one of the Mexico states known for its artisanal cheeses and mezcal.

The best time to visit Zacatecas is from April to June and from September to November, when the weather is mild, and the state hosts several cultural festivals, providing visitors with a rich experience of its traditions and heritage.

Top 3 things to do in Zacatecas:

• Explore the historic center of Zacatecas City, taking a cable car ride for panoramic views of the city and visiting the Cathedral.
• Tour the El Edén mine, learning about the state’s mining history and exploring the underground passages.
• Participate in the cultural and religious festivals, such as the Feria Nacional de Zacatecas, which features concerts, bullfights, and parades.

FAQ: Mexican states

Does Mexico have 31 or 32 states?

Mexico consists of 32 states, although one (Mexico City) is called a Federal District or Distrito Federal (DF), hence the confusion. The 32 Mexican states are the following:

Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Coahuila, Colima, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Durango, Mexico City, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatán, and Zacatecas.

How many US states were part of Mexico?

Ten US States were once part of Mexico: Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming.

What is Mexico’s oldest state?

The two oldest states in Mexico are the state of Mexico State and Guanajuato. They were both acknowledged as free and sovereign states by the Congress of the Union on December 20, 1823.